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                <text>Preferred Citation: "The Burying of a Victim From the Pharr Riots," 1971. Reference Files, Box 2, The funeral of a victim killed during the Pharr Riots, Special Collections &amp; University Archives, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas.</text>
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                <text>Newspaper clip about the Juneteenth celebrations, 1999. Reference Files, Box HT 1, Folder 9, Juneteenth Community Celebration. University Library, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas.</text>
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                <text>Preferred Citation: Education Reference Files; Crowd of Students Pictured in the Edcouch-Elsa Walkout, 1968. Reference Files, Box 4, Picture of students during the Edcouch-Elsa Walkout. University Library, Special Collections &amp; University Archives, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas.</text>
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                <text>Copyright 1996 The Monitor. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Day of the Dead; 'El Dia de los Muertos' celebrated throughout the Hispanic world, 1996. Reference Files, Anthropology Box 2, Folder 1, article on how people remember their loved ones through objects, 1996. University Library, Special Collections &amp; University Archives,  Edinburg, Texas.</text>
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                    <text>[newspaper] "Remembering loved ones: Day of the Dead ceremony reflects traditional Mexican culture," by Fernando del Valle for The Valley Morning Star (1995-11-03)</text>
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                <text>Day of the Dead; Remembering loved ones, 1995. Reference Files, Anthropology Box 2, Folder 1, Brownsville citizens celebrate the Day of the Dead, 1995. University Library, Special Collections &amp; University Archives, Edinburg, Texas.</text>
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                    <text>LIST OF DEMANDS&#13;
We, the student body of Edcouch-Elsa Junior and Senior High School, demand of the&#13;
officials and administrators:&#13;
1. That no disciplinary action be taken against any student or teacher that has taken part&#13;
in this movement and that all suspended students and teachers be re-instated to their&#13;
previous post or office and that any mention of such action omitted from school records.&#13;
Also all intimidations should stop,&#13;
2. That no threats, intimidation or penalties be made against any student by teachers or&#13;
administrators for membership or attendance of meetings of any club or organization&#13;
outside of school.&#13;
3. That the students be allowed to select their own candidates for Student Council --- it&#13;
should be the students Student Council.&#13;
4. That excessive and unfair penalties and punishments stop being given students for&#13;
minor infractions or completely ridiculous reasons, for example:&#13;
a) student suspended three days for failure to keep appointment with teacher after school.&#13;
b) student suspended for three days for failing to stand at school pep rally!&#13;
c) if something ( shorts, tennis shoes,) are stolen from lockers the students are punished&#13;
(paddled or sent to do manual Labor) for not being able to suit up!&#13;
Likewise, that due process be followed in cases of suspension or expulsion of students,&#13;
that is, that a student be given opportunity to defend himself and that evidence be&#13;
presented to both administrators and parents. Also no paddling should be given student&#13;
until explanation for punishment be given to parents, if students request such explanation.&#13;
5. That no teacher or administrator shall use profanity or abusive language in presence of&#13;
students and in no case shall any teacher or administrator lay a hand on a student.&#13;
6. That, in the case of tardy or absent students, the students be allowed to re-enter class&#13;
and no points taken off until his excuse is verified or not. Students should not be kept out&#13;
of class till parents call school.&#13;
7. That either the price of the cafeteria lunch be lowered to a more reasonable price or&#13;
that more and better foods be served.&#13;
8. That, as Chicano students, we be allowed to speak our mother tongue, Spanish, on&#13;
school premises without being subjected to humiliating or unjust penalties,&#13;
9. That courses be introduced, as a regular part of the curriculum, to show the&#13;
contributions of Mexicans and Mexican Americans to this state and region. For instance,&#13;
factual accounts of the history of the Southwest and Texas, courses in Mexican history&#13;
and culture. Also, that qualified, certified teachers be hired to teach these courses.&#13;
10. That all college preparatory courses be signalled out for students by&#13;
time they enter high school.&#13;
11. That more effective counseling be given students from understanding&#13;
counselors that are able to relate to students. Present student-counselor ratio is&#13;
too great, we need more counselors. Likewise, more assemblies on career&#13;
opportumtles, availability of scholarships', grants, loans, college entrance&#13;
requirements, etc.</text>
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                    <text>12. Finally that the blatant discrimination against the Mexican American students&#13;
in this school stop immediately. We demand Justice.&#13;
13. That regulations for "passes" be set down clearly and defined so that no&#13;
question remains as to when passes are needed or not. The present system, or&#13;
lack of it, is ridiculous.&#13;
14. That special attention be given the situation a great number of Edcouch-Elsa&#13;
students find themselves in - that is, they are migrant workers.&#13;
a) Student choices of subjects in spring registration be respected and adopted m&#13;
the fall term, these subject forms are often disregarded.&#13;
b) Migrants leave school early, they take part in an accelerated program&#13;
Advance tests are supposed to be given before they leave. Often teachers do not let&#13;
migrants take tests or do not send tests to students&#13;
up north after them. All tests should be given to migrant students before they&#13;
leave. ,&#13;
15. That school facilities be improved, renovated, replaced or installed where&#13;
appropriate. For example:&#13;
a) Fans-teachers often use fans only for their own comfort, ignoring students.&#13;
b) Heaters-The heaters are for the most part outdated and not in working order.&#13;
We need new heaters.&#13;
c) Restrooms-Some of the restrooms and toilets are not cleaned and inoperable;&#13;
constantly out of repair.&#13;
d) Windows-Fix broken windows.&#13;
e) Walls-repair holes in wall. Give school buildings a face-lifting.&#13;
f) How about Hot water for the showers.&#13;
We want to be proud of our school.&#13;
Recommendations&#13;
1. Teachers have been driving buses for the district up till-now. We recommend&#13;
that either students, senior students, or townspeople be hired to fill these positions.&#13;
2. We recommend that longer periods of time be given to get to classes&#13;
between classes. Five minutes would be sufficient.&#13;
STUDENT COMMITTEE November 7, 1968</text>
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TEK: &#13;
(b) Knowledge and skills&#13;
(5) History. The student understands important issues, events, and individuals of the 20th century in Texas. The student is expected to: &#13;
(A) identify the impact of various issues and events on life in Texas such as urbanization, increased use of oil and gas, the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and World War II&#13;
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              <text>•	Students will be able to understand farm work and agriculture in the Rio Grande Valley. (1 day)&#13;
•	Students will be able to describe the working conditions for farm workers in the Rio Grande Valley during the 1960s. (2 days)&#13;
•	Students will be able to discuss the events of the Melon Strike and the impact it had on the Rio Grande Valley farm workers. (2 days)&#13;
•	Students will be able to demonstrate their own strike based on things they feel are unfair. Example: Jamal went to the store and was told he could not buy a doll because he is a girl. Is this fair? (extension)  &#13;
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              <text>•	Anchor video&#13;
•	Books regarding MLK Jr, Rosa Parks, Railroad strike&#13;
•	Posters for strike&#13;
•	KWL chart&#13;
•	Venn diagram comparing class strike to 1966 Melon Strike&#13;
•	Newspaper clippings of 1966 Melon Strike (attached in Artifacts page)&#13;
•	Chart paper for 1966 Melon Strike reflections&#13;
•	Paper for list of unjust daily situations with resolutions&#13;
•	Ruler&#13;
•	Pencil &#13;
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Materials:&#13;
•	Anchor video&#13;
•	Books regarding MLK Jr, Rosa Parks, Railroad strike&#13;
•	Posters for strike&#13;
•	KWL chart&#13;
•	Venn diagram comparing class strike to 1966 Melon Strike&#13;
•	Newspaper clippings of 1966 Melon Strike (attached in Artifacts page)&#13;
•	Chart paper for 1966 Melon Strike reflections&#13;
•	Paper for list of unjust daily situations with resolutions&#13;
•	Ruler&#13;
•	Pencil &#13;
TEKS Essential Standards and Clarifying objectives:&#13;
§113.15. Social Studies, Grade 4, Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.&#13;
TEK: &#13;
(b) Knowledge and skills&#13;
(5) History. The student understands important issues, events, and individuals of the 20th century in Texas. The student is expected to: &#13;
(A) identify the impact of various issues and events on life in Texas such as urbanization, increased use of oil and gas, the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and World War II&#13;
Lesson Objectives:&#13;
•	Students will be able to understand farm work and agriculture in the Rio Grande Valley. (1 day)&#13;
•	Students will be able to describe the working conditions for farm workers in the Rio Grande Valley during the 1960s. (2 days)&#13;
•	Students will be able to discuss the events of the Melon Strike and the impact it had on the Rio Grande Valley farm workers. (2 days)&#13;
•	Students will be able to demonstrate their own strike based on things they feel are unfair. Example: Jamal went to the store and was told he could not buy a doll because he is a girl. Is this fair? (extension)  &#13;
Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs:&#13;
SPED or students with specific learning disabilities&#13;
•	Students will be given a partner to work with to assist them in the activities and help them with the material being taught. If necessary, students will be provided with a copy of lecture notes to serve as a supplement to instruction delivered by the teacher and as a guide during activities. Students will also be provided with any accommodations necessary pertaining to their particular disability. &#13;
GATE gifted&#13;
•	Gifted students or those who have mastered the material during the lesson will be given the opportunity to extend their knowledge. These students will be instructed on how to research information on the Melon Strike. They will be asked to find articles that contain personal quotes and experiences from people who participated in the strike. Students will be asked to present this information to their peers.&#13;
ELLs&#13;
•	For ELL students, specific accommodations will be provided. Students will be given the necessary translations so they can fully understand the material being taught. In addition, students will be taught the important vocabulary before the lesson begins to foster comprehension. Students will also be assigned a partner that speaks their language, if possible, to help them with any complications they come across with the language barrier.&#13;
Engagement:&#13;
•	Students will be presented with information on the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which occurred as a result of Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat in the front of the bus and was arrested for defying the law. A boycott refers to a voluntary choice to refuse to act for the purpose of taking a stand against someone or a company for wrongdoing. Students will understand that this was an example of a nonviolent act of civil disobedience. Other examples of nonviolent acts include strikes, sit-ins, and marches. The purpose of learning about the Montgomery Bus Boycott is to teach students the powerful impact of nonviolent methods of fighting for equal rights, while also connecting this peaceful protest with that of the nonviolent actions of men and women during the 1966 Melon Strike.&#13;
•	In addition to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the teacher will show a few books in regards to Martin Luther King Jr, Southwest Railroad strike, etc. The students will be probed on what they already know about these books. Students will then be told the similarities yet differences between these activists/movements. They will be asked what they think a strike is and be shown a quick clip (anchor video).&#13;
Exploration:&#13;
•	The class will engage in a discussion on their prior knowledge about agriculture and farm workers in the Valley. Students will be encouraged to discuss what they know about the types of crops that are grown in the Rio Grande Valley and where they have seen them grow. Economic boycotts are meant to make companies or organization feel economic struggles What is the crop that grows in Rio Grande Valley? &#13;
•	If students know people or have seen people working with these crops, they should talk about the work they see them completing. Why did the Melon Strikes choose their harvest and the season they did? While the class is engaging in discussion, the teacher will be writing the information they share on a KWL chart. As the lesson progresses, the students will add newly acquired knowledge.&#13;
Explanation:&#13;
•	The teacher will demonstrate a strike, by conducting one around the classroom. She/he will use a paper taped to a ruler with words on it describing what she/he feels is wrong.&#13;
o	Examples of scenarios for the teachers demonstration of a strike in the classroom:&#13;
	“Women should have equal pay”&#13;
	“No more unfair working conditions”&#13;
	“We need equal opportunity employers”&#13;
•	The teacher will then ask the students what she/he is doing, what she/he is striking and discuss what can be done to resolve the strike. The students will then discuss how this relates to the 1966 Melon Strike and create a Venn diagram.&#13;
•	It’s important to enforce “to strike or not to strike” and to remind students of real world situations. &#13;
Elaboration:&#13;
•	The students will research the 1966 Melon Strike through newspaper clippings, news articles and interviews. They will create a chart reflecting what the issues were, what was done and conclude what the resolution should’ve been. They will then research what the result of the strike was and discuss if the strike was appropriate. Also, students will discuss what led up to the strike. Lastly, students will be asked to create a list of things in their life they feel are unjust and create a counter list with resolutions or reasons why they believe so.&#13;
o	Examples of unjust scenarios for students can include some of the following:&#13;
	“I should be able to vote”&#13;
	“I should not have to come to school on my birthday”&#13;
Evaluation:&#13;
•	The teacher will monitor students by walking around the classroom during activities. The teacher will make observations and listen closely to peer interactions to check for comprehension.&#13;
•	Upon completion of the lesson, the class will engage in a discussion. They will talk about the new information that they learned about the Melon Strike and the reasons that led up to it. The teacher will ask specific question regarding the information that was taught during the lesson.&#13;
•	Students will complete the lesson by taking a 10-question assessment covering the content presented in the lesson.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>In 1966 for about 90 days, hundreds of men, women and children from Starr County began a strike that changed workers’ rights in Texas. This march began from our side of the world (RGV) to the state capitol (Austin, TX) where over 15,000 people, including Cesar Chavez, voiced their opinions. &#13;
The strike for fair wages began the summer of 1966 when The National Farm Workers Association in Texas called attention to harsh working conditions and low pay. The strike began against the Starr County melon growers who were paying workers between 40 - 85 cents an hour.  The strikers demanded a minimum wage of $1.25, workers shut down every packing shed in the county in the middle of the melon harvest season. The melon strike sparked the Chicano movement in Texas which led to Texas civil rights movement.&#13;
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&#13;
o	(b) Knowledge and skills.&#13;
&#13;
	(24) Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology. The student is expected to:&#13;
•	(D) identify different points of view about an issue, topic, or current event; and&#13;
•	(E) identify the historical context of an event.&#13;
&#13;
	(25) Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:&#13;
•	(C) express ideas orally based on research and experiences;&#13;
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o	Express their issue regarding a “walkout or protest” orally based on research.&#13;
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              <text>•	Access to the internet&#13;
•	Access to books about walkouts or protests&#13;
•	Research done and prepared about the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout, this will be used to teach and explain the historical context of that day to the students.&#13;
•	Access to a computer&#13;
•	Access to the computer program, PowerPoint&#13;
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              <text>Teacher(s):&#13;
•	Macie Duran&#13;
•	Xenia Luna&#13;
•	Victoria Diaz&#13;
Date:&#13;
•	September 30, 2018&#13;
Grade Level:&#13;
•	5th&#13;
Subject:&#13;
•	Social Studies&#13;
Materials:&#13;
•	Access to the internet&#13;
•	Access to books about walkouts or protests&#13;
•	Research done and prepared about the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout, this will be used to teach and explain the historical context of that day to the students.&#13;
•	Access to a computer&#13;
•	Access to the computer program, PowerPoint&#13;
TEKS:&#13;
•	§113.16. Social Studies, Grade 5, Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.&#13;
o	(b) Knowledge and skills.&#13;
	(24) Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology. The student is expected to:&#13;
•	(D) identify different points of view about an issue, topic, or current event; and&#13;
•	(E) identify the historical context of an event.&#13;
	(25) Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:&#13;
•	(C) express ideas orally based on research and experiences;&#13;
Lesson Objective(s):&#13;
•	Students will:&#13;
o	Identify the historical context of the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa Student Walkout.&#13;
o	Identify different points of view about an issue regarding a “walkout or protest” that has happened in the past.&#13;
o	Express their issue regarding a “walkout or protest” orally based on research.&#13;
Differentiation Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs:&#13;
 &#13;
&#13;
•	Provide assistance with instructional materials, repetition of information and&#13;
instruction, visuals, constantly redirect student to stay on task, appropriate praise as work is completed, and more challenging critical questions.&#13;
Engagement: Day 1&#13;
&#13;
Lesson:&#13;
•	The teacher will discuss the feelings of a topic, (Gun control or race-white students will get a better education than others) in which the students would want to perform a “walkout.”&#13;
•	Students should ask themselves how they feel during this experiment and ask themselves if they understand what a walkout is.&#13;
•	The teacher will then show the video of the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa walkout.&#13;
Explanation: Day 2&#13;
&#13;
TEK:&#13;
§113.16. Social Studies, Grade 5, Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.&#13;
•	(b) Knowledge and skills.&#13;
&#13;
o	(24) Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology. The student is expected to:&#13;
	(D) identify different points of view about an issue, topic, or current event; and&#13;
	(E) identify the historical context of an event.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Lesson:&#13;
•	The teacher will:&#13;
o	Have the students be seated at their desks.&#13;
o	Give a teacher-directed instruction about the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa Student Walkout&#13;
	The teacher will answer these questions about the 1968 walkout to the student:&#13;
•	Who?&#13;
•	What?&#13;
•	When?&#13;
•	Where?&#13;
•	Why?&#13;
•	How?&#13;
	Also, the teacher will explain what led to the walkout, what happened during the walkout, and the aftermath of the walkout.&#13;
 &#13;
&#13;
	Lastly, the teacher will explain and show the list of demands/recommendations created by the leaders of the 1968 Edcouch- Elsa student walkout.&#13;
Exploration: Day 3&#13;
&#13;
TEK:&#13;
§113.16. Social Studies, Grade 5, Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.&#13;
•	(b) Knowledge and skills.&#13;
o	(24) Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology. The student is expected to:&#13;
	(D) identify different points of view about an issue, topic, or current event; and&#13;
	(E) identify the historical context of an event.&#13;
&#13;
Lesson:&#13;
•	The teacher will:&#13;
o	Create 6 groups with 4-5 students in each (depending on class size).&#13;
o	Once the groups have been created, the groups will look up videos or articles on “walkouts” or protests that have happened in the past 100 years and choose one video/article that they found most interesting to them.&#13;
	The topics for the “walkouts” or protests must include issues regarding segregation, racism, discrimination, and unfair treatment to a human.&#13;
	The “walkouts” or protests can be held anywhere (school, work, outside of a government facility, and anywhere else a “walkout” or protest can be held).&#13;
•	After the groups have chosen the video/article they found most interesting to them, they will do research on the “walkout” or protest.&#13;
o	The groups can use books, the internet, oral interviews, newspaper articles, etc. for their research.&#13;
•	The teacher will explain to teach group that:&#13;
o	They must show their research findings on a PowerPoint slideshow and be ready to present in the next day or two.&#13;
	The students will have to create a PowerPoint slideshow to show and present to the class on “Day 4”.&#13;
o	The PowerPoint presentation must be between 8-10 minutes.&#13;
o	If the PowerPoint presentation is shorter than or longer than 8-10 minutes, points will be deducted.&#13;
o	Each group must work together and rehearse their presentation.&#13;
o	Each group member must talk during the PowerPoint presentation or points will be deducted for students who did not talk during the PowerPoint presentation.&#13;
Elaboration: Day 4&#13;
&#13;
TEK:&#13;
 &#13;
&#13;
§113.16. Social Studies, Grade 5, Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.&#13;
•	(b) Knowledge and skills.&#13;
&#13;
o	(24) Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology. The student is expected to:&#13;
	(D) identify different points of view about an issue, topic, or current event; and&#13;
	(E) identify the historical context of an event.&#13;
&#13;
o	(25) Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:&#13;
	(C) express ideas orally based on research and experiences;&#13;
&#13;
Lesson:&#13;
•	Once each group is ready to present their findings from “Day 3”, each group will present their PowerPoint to the class and explain their research.&#13;
•	Each group will have 8-10 minutes to present their PowerPoint.&#13;
Evaluation: Day 5&#13;
&#13;
TEK:&#13;
§113.16. Social Studies, Grade 5, Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.&#13;
•	(b) Knowledge and skills.&#13;
&#13;
o	(24) Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology. The student is expected to:&#13;
	(E) identify the historical context of an event.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Lesson:&#13;
•	Before giving the assessment to the students, the teacher will ask informal questions to check for understanding of the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout.&#13;
•	Once the teacher has seen that each student has comprehended the topic, the teacher will pass out the 10-question test.&#13;
 &#13;
&#13;
•	The teacher will have the students seated at their own seats and give them a 10- question test&#13;
o 10-multiple choice questions&#13;
1.	What is the dictionary definition of a walkout?&#13;
a.	A sudden angry departure, especially as a protest or strike.&#13;
b.	People who walk out of horrible situations and demand justice.&#13;
c.	Someone walking out of a room into another room.&#13;
d.	A dance move named the “walkout”.&#13;
2.	Who was one of the 5 student leaders that organized the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout?&#13;
a.	Xavier Ramirez&#13;
b.	Jose Reyna&#13;
c.	Mark Chapa&#13;
d.	Nany Cortez&#13;
3.	Choose the right date of the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout. a. June 15, 1968&#13;
b.	November 14, 1968&#13;
c.	October 23, 2018&#13;
d.	December 25, 2018&#13;
4.	What time did the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout begin?&#13;
a.	10 AM&#13;
b.	3:30 PM&#13;
c.	2 PM&#13;
d.	8 AM&#13;
5.	Who was the principal at the time of 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout?&#13;
a.	Melvin Pipkin&#13;
b.	Cesar Chavez&#13;
c.	James Arnold&#13;
d.	Jane Elliot&#13;
6.	Why did the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout happen?&#13;
a.	End racism, segregation, discrimination, and unfair treatment to the Mexican and Hispanic students.&#13;
b.	Students wanted to walkout of the school for fun.&#13;
c.	Students were getting bullied by other students and demanded for bullying to stop.&#13;
d.	The students did not like the principal.&#13;
7.	Did the walkout have a negative or positive result for the students after the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout? (Yes/No)&#13;
a.	Yes&#13;
b.	No&#13;
8.	How many days did the students of 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout protest outside of the school?&#13;
a.	4&#13;
b.	10c.	20&#13;
 &#13;
&#13;
d. 3&#13;
9.	What was one of the demands the students had for the principal and school board meeting?&#13;
a.	That, as Chicano students, we be allowed to speak our mother tongue, Spanish, on school premises without being subjected to humiliating or unjust penalties.&#13;
b.	We want school to end at 12PM and be allowed to stay on school grounds after 12PM.&#13;
c.	We want every teacher to speak Spanish to us.&#13;
d.	We want to be able to use profanity in the classroom.&#13;
10.	Do you agree with the 1968 Edcouch-Elsa student walkout? Give explanation as to why you choose yes or no.&#13;
a.	Yesb.	No&#13;
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